Math Mammoth Addition 1

67 pages
(includes answers)

Sample pages (PDF)
Contents
Two Groups and a Total
Learn Symbols + and =
Missing Items
Sums With 6
Addition On Number Line
Sums With 9

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Este libro en español

Math Mammoth Addition 1 is a self-explanatory worktext, dealing with the concept of addition and addition facts within 0-10 (in few occasions numbers between 10 and 20 are used). It is most suitable for first grade.

We start out by reviewing the concept of addition, which has already been taught in kindergarten, in the lesson Basic Addition. The following lesson (Counting on to Add) explains how you can add 1, 2, or 3 to a number by counting on 1, 2, or 3 steps from that number. This is a simple strategy to us adults, but children may need it pointed out.

The next two lessons build on the thought of counting on, as students learn to illustrate sums with jumps on a number line. A number line is an important way to model addition, as it helps to build number sense and will tie in with measurement, later on.

Then, we review comparing numbers and using the symbols >, <, and = to record the comparisons.

Next, we introduce “missing number” problems  (e.g. 1 + ___ = 5) over the course of two lessons. These problems are very important, as they connect with fact families and with subtraction.

The child might confuse the missing number problem 1 + ___ = 5 with 1 + 5 = ___ . To help them see the difference, word these problems like this: “One and how many more make five?” You can also model these problems by drawings. In our example of 1 + ___ = 5, you would first draw one stick, and then tell the student, “We need a total of five sticks. Draw more until there are five of them.” The number of sticks that the child needs to draw in order to make five is the missing number. So, you can say, “First there was one stick, then you needed to add (draw) some more to make 5. How many more did you draw?”

Then we come to the lessons titled Sums to.... These lessons practice the number bonds (number combinations) that add up to a particular number. In the case of 5, they are 0 and 5, 1 and 4, and 2 and 3. The goal is to help the child to memorize the addition facts within 0-10.

My approach to memorizing the basic addition facts within 0-10 is many-fold:

1. Structured drills, such as used in the lessons Sums to 5, Sums to 6, and so on.  In each of these lessons, the child learns the number combinations that add up to the specific number (aka number bonds). This understanding is the basis for the drills. Thus, the drills are not totally random, because they are based on the pattern or the structure in the facts. This will connect the facts to a context, and help the child to better understand the facts on a conceptual level, instead of merely memorizing them at random.
2. Using addition facts in games and in everyday life is very helpful — and especially in games, because all children like to play games.
3. Random drilling may also be used, sparingly, as one tool among others.
4. Memory helpers can be silly mnemonics or writing math facts on a poster and hanging it on the wall. Not all children need these, but feel free to use them if you like.

These addition facts are used constantly in all later math work. I recommend that children become fluent with addition and subtraction facts within 0-10 by the end of first grade.

Before closing the book, we focus on the thought of equality and the usage of the equals sign (=). Many children develop a misconception of the equals sign being an “operator,” as if it means that you need to add/subtract/multiply/divide, or “operate” on the numbers in the problem. A child with this misconception will treat the equation 9 = __ + 4 as the addition problem 9 + 4. The lessons on equality and comparisons focus on preventing that erroneous view, and on building the proper understanding of the symbol: that of denoting equality of what is on either side of the symbol. For example, students will see and work with equations such as 5 = 4 + 1 and 3 + 5 = 4 + 4.

Students also encounter addition tables, number patterns, word problems, and adding three or four numbers. So, while on the surface it may look like that all we do is add small numbers, actually a lot happens! Please also see the following pages for games that I recommend while studying this book. Games are important, as they help children to practice the addition facts and also make math fun.

I have also made a set of videos that matches the topics covered in this book.

The PDF version of this book can be filled in on a computer, phone, or tablet, using the annotation tools found in many PDF apps. See more.

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